If you smoke, you should know this: smokers have 2 to 4 times the risk of developing Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) compared to non-smokers. Of course, no one can say if your smoking played a role in why you now have AMD, but smoking is almost sure to affect the progression of your macular degeneration and how you’ll live out your life.

The good news is, it’s not too late to quit—and you can do it.

How Smoking May Affect Your AMD

Smokers are more likely than non-smokers to become legally blind from macular degeneration. If you continue to smoke, you increase the chances that:

  • Your AMD in one eye will develop in the other one
  • Your AMD will change from dry to wet, leading to vision loss
  • Your wet AMD will be hard to treat. Smoking decreases the effectiveness of some treatments aimed at slowing damage
Why is smoking so bad for the eyes?

Studies point to 3 ways that smoking may be harmful to your vision:

  1. Smoking puts many toxic chemicals into the blood, directly damaging structures in your eyes, including the macula.
  2. Good blood flow is necessary to keep your eyes healthy. Smoking decreases the flow of blood and oxygen to your eyes.
  3. Smoking reduces the level of antioxidants in the blood that help protect the eyes from damage.
It’s Never Too Late to Quit

Anyone who’s smoked and tried to quit knows how hard it can be. But people of all ages quit every day—and so can you. Be motivated by this fact: studies show that even after a lifetime of cigarettes, quitting now may help protect your vision.

Age may be in your favor: At this point in your life, you might have tried to quit more than once and given up on the idea that you’ll ever be able to do it. Don’t be discouraged. It can take many tries to quit for good, and experts say you learn more each time you try. In fact, research shows that if you’ve tried to quit in the past year, you’re more likely to succeed this time.

Your cigarette doesn’t define you! Even if it’s a lifetime habit, smoking is not an inevitable part of who you are any more than other things you’ve given up doing over the years. Our lives change. Imagining yourself as a non-smoker may be easier than the alternative: imagining yourself with limited sight.

How to Quit 

There are many ways to quit smoking. You’ll probably find that a combination of methods is the best solution for you. Whichever you use, quitting is most likely to be successful when you have a detailed plan: set a date, prepare for it and plan activities that can help you deal with cravings. 

Counseling
  • Ask your doctor to refer you to a smoking cessation counselor who will help you create and stick to a quit plan. Health insurance will cover all or most of the costs 

If you prefer, try a free telephone service: the National Cancer Institute’s Smoking Quitline at 877–44U–QUIT or 877–448–7848, or your state’s quitline—get connected by calling 800-QUIT–NOW or 800–784–8669


Medications
  • According to SmokeFree.govExternal link , the smoking cessation prescription medication generically called varenicline can more than double the chance of success. But medications can have side effects, and if you have certain health issues, your doctor may advise against them
  • Combining varenicline with in-person or phone counseling is ranked as the most effective way to quit—but the picture may be different for older people

Nicotine replacement therapies
  • A small study comparing smoking cessation among people under and over age 60 found that older smokers are as likely to succeeded at quitting with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) as with prescription medication. NRT drugs include nicotine gum and lozenges, the nicotine patch, nasal spray and an inhaler 
  • Some doctors recommend combining 2 NRTs or an NRT and prescription medication 

Virtual help
  • The government site SmokeFree.govExternal link   has a text messaging service that will send you 2 or 3 messages a day to help you stay on top of your plan 
  • You can also create an online your plan at  SmokeFree.govExternal link
  • The American Cancer Society's website offers a How to Quit SmokingExternal link guide
  • 60plus.SmokeFree.govExternal link is a quit site designed for people age 
60-plus

Different quit methods work for different people. Talk to your healthcare provider to discuss which is the best choice for you. 

Make quitting part of your SightMatters Action Plan. Get your personalized plan.

Even If You Quit… 

Smoking creates free radicals that can harm cells throughout your body, including your eyes. Studies show that along with other nutrients, antioxidants, which fight free radicals, can help people with dry AMD reduce their risk of progression. That’s why many doctors suggest that smokers with dry AMD take an antioxidant-rich vitamin based on the AREDS2 study. The AREDS2 recommended formula doesn’t contain beta carotene, which has been linked to lung cancer in people who smoke.

Learn more about AREDS 2 Vitamins

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