Accurate and timely diagnosis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is critical to managing the condition and preserving vision. A variety of tests are used to detect and monitor AMD, often starting with a comprehensive eye exam and advancing to specialized diagnostic tools when needed.
Steps in Diagnosing AMD
Comprehensive eye exam: A baseline assessment of your vision, eye health and risk factors. Your doctor will review your medical history, family history and lifestyle factors such as smoking, which may increase the risk of AMD
Dilated eye examination: Eye drops are used to dilate (widen) your pupils, allowing your ophthalmologist to examine the retina and optic nerve for early signs of AMD, such as drusen (yellow deposits) or pigmentary changes
Amsler grid test: Patients may be asked to look at a grid of straight lines to identify distortions or missing areas in their central vision—common indicators of AMD progression
Optical coherence tomography (OCT): OCT is a non-invasive imaging test that provides cross-sectional images of the retina. It can detect swelling, thinning and other structural changes that signify AMD
Fluorescein angiography: For cases where wet AMD is suspected, a fluorescent dye is injected into your bloodstream, and a special camera tracks the dye as it highlights abnormal blood vessels or leakage in the retina
Fundus photography: High-resolution photos of the back of the eye are taken to document and monitor changes in the retina over time
